Turkey and Germany, just as it is the case with other societies globally, face similar social, political, cultural, and economic problems and challenges. This course aims to approach these problems and challenges from a comparative perspective to highlight differences and similarities of the making of modernity in both countries. Particular attention will be paid to respective social, economic and political transformations in each country. The students are expected to prepare and present a proposal within the above framework based on Turkey or Germany or any other country of that peaks their interest, which they will finally write a paper by the end of the semester.