The students will be able to;

• Define reasons for tunneling and its historical development
• Classify tunnels and describe their geometrical design considerations
• Estimate the shear strength of intact rock, rock mass and joints
• Classify the rock mass according to various classification systems
• Compute the stress and load on tunnels by empirical and analytical methods
• Define the tunnel construction techniques in different ground conditions
• Describe the main principles of observational methods and NATM
• Construct ground response and support reaction curve using convergence – confinement approach and describe the interaction between ground and support