At the end of this Course, the students will,

-be able to identify clay minerals by X-ray powder diffraction analysis.

- be able to explain origin of clay mineral crystal-chemical properties like swelling, ion exchange, surface charge and interaction with water and organic compounds.

-learn clay mineral polytypes, mixed-layering and their transformation during diagenesis.

- use NEWMOD computer program for quantitative analysis of interstratified clay minerals.

-comprehend wide ranges of applications of bentonites, and kaolins.