To understand green sand production details physical and chemical properties,  applications of green sand casting, CO2 moulding applications and details of gassing, binder additives for specific casting problems. Cold and hot box core making details to meet specific strength requirement of ferrous and non ferrous casting problems. Using sand and core making principles selection of correct sand and core material combinations to meet specific casting geometry and risering conditions.  Application of  riser and gating design for a particular geometry to eliminate casting defect verifying simulation output