To teach the role and functions of pension systems and how they can be achieved through different mixes of pension schemes, to analyze trends in outcomes of pension systems (coverage, adequacy and sustainability) and approaches to design and reform, to design options for contributory and tax-financed social pensions, to define the key determinants of the cost of pension systems and impact long term financial sustainability along with country case studies assessing success and failure of pension policy formulation and reforms. Additionally, International Labour Standards and gender and ageing and gender-responsive pension systems are presented.