1-Incorporate the use of scientific notation and significant figures in problem solving.

2-Define and use terms mole, Avogadro’s number, empirical and molecular formula and perform stoichiometric calculations through use of the mole concept.

3-Identify the common elements and compounds, their atomic and molecular structures and characteristic properties using the knowledge of periodicity of chemical and physical trends.

4-Describe, interpret and predict different types of bonding and how they influence the physical properties of substances.

5-Show understanding of chemical reactions, especially those in aqueous media. Calculate oxidation numbers, explain redox processes and write and balance chemical equations for these reactions.

6-Describe the forces involved in different states of matter and understand the kinetic-molecular theory

7- Use the gas laws to solve related problems.

8- Understand how equilibrium is reached and how external factors affect its position. Deduce the expression for and calculate the equilibrium constant.

8- Determine the factors that influence the rates of reactions.

9- Understand the enthalpy changes that accompany chemical reactions and demonstrate understanding of heat flow associated with chemical reactions and apply calorimetric techniques to calculate the internal energy of a chemical system.