Property changes due to heat treatment, austenitizing, transformation of austenite, I-T and C-T diagrams, annealing, normalizing, hardening, critical cooling rate.  Actual cooling rate, quenching media, size and mass effect. Hardenability and applications of hardenability data. Tempering. Secondary hardening, temper embrittlement, austempering. Residual stresses, martempering. Heat treatment of cast irons and nonferrous metals and alloys.